![]() ![]() During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisines.Ĭereals remained the most important staple during the Early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in the 16th century, and much later for the wider population. Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century. Peasants sharing a simple meal of bread and drink Livre du roi Modus et de la reine Ratio, 14th century ( Bibliothèque nationale) However, over time the rules were tightened, certain acts forbidden and the final nail in the coffin of fun came with the Protestant reformation, which condemned all the enjoyable excess.Foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages Not entirely related but equally as difficult to comprehend, was the Festival of the Ass, where a young girl carrying a child would ride a donkey into church, and throughout the service the congregation replaced "amen" with a "hee-haw."Ĭonsidering the celebration was held in super-strict Christian medieval Europe, it's impressive it survived for so long. Related: Here's How Much Alcohol Is OK to Drink in 19 Countries There were parades, comic performances, costumes, cross-dressing, bawdy songs and, of course, drinking to excess. The highest respected officials swapped with the lowest, serving maids became masters and a king of misrule was crowned.Īlthough originally intended to be confined only to the hallowed halls of churches, the common people took it upon themselves to celebrate. This eclectic event, like most Christian festivals, was inspired by a pagan festival - Saturnalia - and turned the status quo on its head, according to "Sacred Folly: A New History of the Feast of Fools" (Cornell University Press, 2011) by Max Harris. Many people of medieval Europe joined together at the beginning of January to celebrate the Feast of Fools. (Image credit: All About History magazine) Some couples had their blushes spared by the luxury of a bed curtain, but this was not the case for everyone, and the observers would instead wait around the room for the act to be "completed." 4. The act of "bedding" was not regarded as an intimate moment, but rather an act of investment in the union, and one that warranted being observed by witnesses. It wasn't unusual for the bride to be carried to the bed by her family. The consummation, especially among upper-class newlyweds, was far from private. This meant it became rather hard to prove people were actually married, so in the 12th century it was declared a holy sacrament that must be observed by God.Īnd it wasn't just the marriage that had to be observed. They could do it in a matter of moments by uttering consent, which led to marriages in the street, down the pub or even in bed. For a start there wasn't a formal ceremony until much later and couples didn't need permission to marry. ![]() ![]() However, the marriage ceremony as we know it today was very different. In fact, men and women were judged as ready for marriage as soon as their bodies reached puberty, as young as 12 for girls and 14 for boys. And women, as in almost all aspects of medieval life, had no say. Much of what people assume about medieval upper-class marriage is true - it was rarely for love, but rather for political and social gain, according to Conor McCarthy's book "Marriage in Medieval England" (The Boydell Press, 2004). ![]()
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